Jallianwala Bagh- some thoughts

Pmenb³ hmem_mKv- - hoc kac tk\m\nIfpsS Ncn{Xw

B\´p Fkv ]nÅ*

càkm£nXzw F¶ hm¡ns\ CÔy³ kzmX{´y kac Ncn{X¯n Nph¶ ajnbn tcJs¸Sp¯nb kw`hamWv Pmenb³ hmem_mKv Iq«s¡me. `mcX¯n C¶v e`n綠kzmX{´yw Aë`hnç¶ Hmscm `mcXobêw Cu Ncn{Xw Adnªncn¡Ww.Xm³ Im Nhn«n \nÂ綠a®n càw hmÀ¶v Im XfÀ¶v hoW Hê Iq«w hoc kac tk\m\nIfpsS Ncn{Xw.

1919 amÀ¨v, {_n«ojv Kh×ânsâ "sdueäv BIväv' F¶ Icn\nbaw ]mÊm¡n. hmdâv IqSmsX Bscbpw AsdÌv sN¿mëw hnNmcW IqSmsX Xq¡nteämëw Cu \nbaw Kh×ân\v A[nImcw \evIn. P\§sf ASnaIfm¡m³ km[nç¶ Cu \nba¯ns\Xnsc cmPyamkIew {]t£m`§Ä Act§dn. ]©m_nse sIm¬{KÊv t\Xm¡fmbnê¶ sUm. kXy]mÂ, skbv^p±o³ In¨vep F¶nhsc t]meoÊv AsdÌv sNbvXv XShnem¡n. Cu kw`hs¯ XpSÀ¶v 1919 amÀ¨v 10 AarÕcn lÀ¯memNcn¨p.

AarÕÀ sU]|«n I½ojWdpsS ho«nte¡v \S¶ {]Xntj[ dmenç t\sc t]menÊv \nd Hgn¨p. tcmjmæecmb P\¡q«w kÀ¡mÀØm]\§Äç Xosh¨p. XpSÀì­mb kw`h§fn \nch[nt]À acWaSªp. CtX XpSÀ¶v ]©m_n ]«mf \nbaw GÀs¸Sp¯n. Pmenb³ hmem_mKv Iq«s¡mebpsS aqeImcWw Cu kw`hhnImk§Ä Bbnêì. 1919 G{]n 13 knJpImêsS sshimen DÕh Zn\ambnê¶ A¶mWv {_n«ojv ]«mf¯nsâ sXm¡n³ ægepIÄ `mcXmw_bpsS icoc¯n apdn¸mSpIÄ {knjv«n¨Xv. \nc´camb kacapdIfpw A{Ia§fpw ImcWw ]©m_nsâ `cW¨paXe ssk\nI ta[mhnbmbnê¶ sP\d Ubdnë \ÂæIbp­mbn. AXns\ XpSÀ¶v t]menÊnsâbpw ssk\y¯nsâbpw AXn{Ia§fn {]Xntj[n¡m³ 1919 G{]n 13\v Pmenb³ hmem_mKv kvIzbdn Hê {][ntj[ sbmKw tNÀì. Npäpw sI«nS§fpw Dbcw IqSnb aXn s¡«pambnêì kvIzbdnë­mbnê¶Xv.]pd¯p IS¡m³ CSXqÀ¶ Hê sNdnb IhmSw am{Xw. F´psIm­pw e£Wsam¯ Hê æêXn¡fambnêì Pmenb³ hmem_mKv.

AarÕÀ sU]|«n I½ojWdpsS ho«nte¡v \S¶ {]Xntj[ dmenç t\sc t]menÊv \nd Hgn¨p. tcmjmæecmb P\¡q«w kÀ¡mÀØm]\§Äç Xosh¨p. XpSÀì­mb kw`h§fn \nch[nt]À acWaSªp. CtX XpSÀ¶v ]©m_n ]«mf \nbaw GÀs¸Sp¯n. Pmenb³ hmem_mKv Iq«s¡mebpsS aqeImcWw Cu kw`hhnImk§Ä Bbnêì. 1919 G{]n 13 knJpImêsS sshimen DÕh Zn\ambnê¶ A¶mWv {_n«ojv ]«mf¯nsâ sXm¡n³ ægepIÄ `mcXmw_bpsS icoc¯n apdn¸mSpIÄ {knjv«n¨Xv. \nc´camb kacapdIfpw A{Ia§fpw ImcWw ]©m_nsâ `cW¨paXe ssk\nI ta[mhnbmbnê¶ sP\d Ubdnë \ÂæIbp­mbn. AXns\ XpSÀ¶v t]menÊnsâbpw ssk\y¯nsâbpw AXn{Ia§fn {]Xntj[n¡m³ 1919 G{]n 13\v Pmenb³ hmem_mKv kvIzbdn Hê {][ntj[ sbmKw tNÀì. Npäpw sI«nS§fpw Dbcw IqSnb aXn s¡«pambnêì kvIzbdnë­mbnê¶Xv.]pd¯p IS¡m³ CSXqÀ¶ Hê sNdnb IhmSw am{Xw. F´psIm­pw e£Wsam¯ Hê æêXn¡fambnêì Pmenb³ hmem_mKv.

A[nImc{`m´pw Al¦mchpw AÔ\m¡nb sP\À UbÀ¡v cmPy¯nsâ \oXn¡v th­n kacw sN¿m³ Xp\nªhtcmSp shdp¸mbnêì. {]Xntj[tbmKw sP\Àensâ I®n Xt¶mSpw Xsâ kqcy\kvXan¡m¯ km{amPyt¯mSpw DÅ shÃphnfnbmWv ImWs¸«Xv.90 Hmfw AwK§Ä AS§p¶ Hê tk\bpambv sP\d kvIzbÀ hfªp. \ndª cmPykvt\lhpw tZihnImcw sIm­p hncnª s\©pIfpw \ndª I®pIfpambv \n¶ B hoc ]p{X·mÀ¡v t\sc \ndsbmgn¡m³ sP\d Xsâ ssk\nItcmSv BÚm]n¨p.]ncnªp t]mIm³ t]mepapÅ ap¶dnbn¸v XcmsXbmbnêì Cu \c lXybpsS Bcw`w. \ncmbp[cmbv kam[m\]qÀÆw tbmKw tNÀ¶nê¶ B `mcX]p{X·mÀç t\sc 10 an\nt«mfw shSnsh¸p \Sì.16 Npäv shSn {_n«ojv ssk\nIÀ DXnÀ¯nêì. ""shSnbp­ XoÀìs]mbXpsIm­pam{XamWv shSnshbv¸v \nÀt¯­n h¶sX¶v'' ]n¶oSp B {_n«vjv sP\d ]dªp. 379 t]À shSnsh¸n acn¨p F¶mWv {_n«ojv kÀ¡mÀ ]dªXv. F¶m acn¨hêsS F®w 1800 ]cw Bbnêì. ]cnt¡ähêsS F®w 1100 IqSpXepw Bbnêì.

Iq«s¡mebn {]Xntj[n¨p cho{µ\mY SmtKmÀ kÀ kv°m\w Dt]£n¨p. kn.i¦c³ \mbÀ ssht{kmbnbpsS FIvknI|«ohv sIu³knen \n¶v cmPnhípIbpw sNbvXp. Pmenb³ hmem_mKv Iq«s¡mebpambv _Ôs¸«v Ubdpw i¦c³ \mbêambv tIkv \Sì. ]n¶oSv ]©m_nse tZikvt\ln D±mav knwKv Cw¥­n t]mbn sP\d Ubsd 1940 amÀ¨v 13\v shSnsh¨vsImì. B {In¯yXn\v B `mcX]p{Xs\ 1940 Ppsse 31\v Xq¡nteän Imew ISì t]mbn. `mcXw kzX{´ambn. `mcX¯nsâ Ncn{X¯n I®otcmsSbpw A`nam\t¯msSbpw \½Ä Xocnªp t\mç¶ Hê Ncn{Xambv Pmenb³ hmem_mKv amdn. 1963 acn¨hêsSbpw ]cnt¡ähêsSbpw HmÀ½ív B cà`qanbnsemê kvamcIw DbÀì. G{]n 13 Hê P\XbpsS a\Ên I®ocnsâ HmÀ½çdn¸pIfmbv. ]n¶oSp ]e alm·mêw Xsâ A`n{]mb§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯n. {_n«ojv ap³ {][m\a{´n hn³Ìv¬ NÀ¨n cm£kob IrXyw Fìw tUhnUv Imadq¬ {_n«ojv Ncn{X¯nse Gähpw henb \Wt¡sS¶v Pmenb³ hmem_mKv Iq«s¡mesb hntijn¸n¨p.

                          

C{Xbpw hmçIfn HXp§p¶Xà Cu {InXnbpsS hyàamb apJw. Hê cNbnXmhv F¶ \nebn AXnsâ 10 iXam\w t]mepw \n§fnteív F¯n¡m³ Ignªn«nÃ. ]s£ \nev¡q Nn´nç FhntS¡mWv \½Ä Nenç¶Xv, BcmWv \½sf BIÀjnç¶Xv . C{Xbpw cmPykvt\lhpw [ocXbpw Xpfpw_nb hoc·mÀ Pohn¨nê¶ a®mWnXv. AhÀ AhêsS Poh³ shSnªXv `mcXs¯ `mcXambv ImWm\mWv. \½Ä Cs¸mÄ `mcXs¯ aäp cmPy§fpsS coXnbnteçw kwkvImc¯nteçw hen¨ngípIbmWv. ]tcXcmb B [oc·mtcmSv Aev¸w BZchp tXmìì F¦n \½psS kwkvImcs¯ _lpam\nçI AXns\ kwc£nçI.

                                                                             

""Pbv lnµv'' 

                                                                                

 *Fkv 2 _ntImw , AarX]pcn